Author: Defenceline Webdesk

When Kazakhstan declared independence in December 1991, it inherited not only the Soviet state’s institutions but also its historical frameworks. The first major post-Soviet history of the country, published in 1997, reproduced the Soviet paradigm almost unchanged. Ak Orda, presented as a vassal state within the Golden Horde that fought for its independence and eventually gave rise to the Kazakh Khanate in the 15th century, remained the official foundation of the nation. The Golden Horde itself was treated as foreign history: a conquering empire with no direct lineage to Kazakh civilization. For nearly three decades, that framework defined how Kazakhstan…

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Russia’s growing partnership with North Korea has fueled speculation that Moscow may eventually help Pyongyang build a more capable military satellite program. But that assumption may miss the more important development. Rather than asking whether Russia will transfer sophisticated satellite technologies to North Korea, policymakers should ask a different question: Could Moscow simply share the intelligence collected by its existing satellite network? Such an arrangement would provide Pyongyang with many of the military benefits of an advanced reconnaissance capability while allowing Moscow to retain control over some of its most sensitive technologies. That possibility deserves far greater attention. Intelligence sharing…

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For much of the past three decades, Vietnam’s economic success has rested on becoming one of the world’s value-for-money manufacturing destinations. Vietnam recognizes that companies and countries around the world are seeking to ameliorate their China risk by having another country (the “plus one”) as a source of resources (e.g., critical minerals) and manufacturing. Now, fresh off its World Bank reclassification as an upper-middle-income country, Hanoi has a far more ambitious objective: to become an indispensable player in the physical layers underpinning artificial intelligence (AI). Semiconductors sit at the center of that ambition. Over the past two years, Vietnam has…

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The first 100 days of any government rarely determine its ultimate legacy. They do, however, reveal its priorities, governing style, and ability to inspire public confidence. As the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) government completed its first 100 days in office on May 17, many Bangladeshis expected stability, economic recovery, democratic renewal, and stronger international engagement. Instead, the country appears to be moving through a period of uncertainty, fear, declining confidence, and diplomatic drift. The BNP came to power after months of political upheaval and after an interim period under Chief Adviser Muhammad Yunus that, in the view of many critics, weakened…

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During a recent visit to Israel as part of an Indian delegation, I observed a convergence of thinking among Israeli stakeholders – diplomats, think-tank analysts, university academics, and officials in the security establishment – on how Israel should reorient its foreign policy amid the regional upheaval that followed the Hamas attacks of October 7, 2023. Regional dynamics – most recently, the Israel-U.S. conflict with Iran – have prompted Israel to diversify toward Asia, prioritizing cooperation in technology, defense, and civil innovation and moving beyond transactional dealings toward long-term, win-win collaborations.  Israel increasingly recognizes that reliance on longstanding partnerships with the…

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