Browsing: Geopolitics

This Industry Brief is a follow-up to Quwa’s November 2025 Market Intelligence analysis, “Pakistan’s One-Way Effector (OWE) Market,” which assessed…

Golden Dome’s defenders are downplaying a new $1.2 trillion estimate for Donald Trump’s ambitious missile-defense plan, though they declined to…

The HQ-9 (红旗-9, ‘Red Flag-9’) is a Chinese long-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) system developed by the China Aerospace Science and…

The LY-80 is the export designation of the Chinese HQ-16 medium-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) system, developed by the Shanghai Academy…

The HQ-7 (红旗-7, ‘Red Banner-7’) is a Chinese short-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) system reverse-engineered from the French Thomson-CSF R-440 Crotale…

The Spada 2000-Plus is an Italian ground-based air defence system manufactured by MBDA, firing the Aspide 2000 semi-active radar-homing (SARH)…

The FAAZ-SL (FAAZ Surface Launched), also designated E-SHORADS (Enhanced Short-Range Air Defence System), is an indigenous short-range air defence missile…

The LoMADS (Low-to-Medium Altitude Air Defence System) is Pakistan’s most ambitious indigenous air defence programme. Under development by state-owned enterprises…

The RBS 70 (Robotsystem 70) is a Swedish man-portable short-range air defence system manufactured by Saab Bofors Dynamics. In service…

The Anza (عنزہ, ‘Lance’) is Pakistan’s indigenous family of man-portable air defence systems (MANPADS), developed by Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL)…